Spain. 1720 pesetas 1894

This seventh document is a commercial "Primera de Cambio" (bill of exchange) issued in Barcelona (Spain) on February 1, 1895. The title presents a magnificent black intaglio header with the elaborate security wording "Hasta el endoso de Antonio Freixa" (Until Antonio Freixa’s endorsement). It is a piece of great relevance for the study of monetary circulation and domestic wine trade in late 19th-century Spain. # Description and analysis of the document * The Financial Transaction: The promissory note is issued for the amount of 1,720 pesetas ("Por Ptas 1.720"). It orders payment on the next April 1 to the beneficiary Don Jaime Oliveras of Barcelona. * The Route of the Wine Trade: The drawee is addressed to the firm "Sres. Gutiérrez Hermanos" in Jerez de la Frontera (the famous Sherry winery already encountered in previous lots). On the left margin there is a handwritten note in red ink indicating supporting bankers in case of need: "Sres. Diez Vergara y C.ª". This demonstrates the close business and supply link between Catalan distributors and the great producers of Andalusian wine. * Official Stamps and Cancellations: On the front there appear two black-ink oval stamps from the Banco de España - Jerez (one bearing the internal registry number 29.131). * The Back and the History of the Endorsements: The second photo shows the incredible journey of the title through hand-written endorsements: 1. From Jaime Oliveras in favor of Sres. Busá y Durán (Barcelona, February 1, 1895) 2. From Busá y Durán in favor of Don Antonio Freixa (Barcelona, March 14, 1895) 3. From Antonio Freixa in favor of the Banco de España, with the official blue oval stamp of the "Sucursal en Barcelona" dated March 26, 1895. 4. At the bottom, the final stamp "RECIBI" (Received) of the cashier of the Banco de España branch in Jerez de la Frontera, certifying payment and the closing of the promissory note. # Important figures and historical context 1. Antonio Freixa: A prominent and influential Catalan mercantile and industrial dynasty of the 19th century, active in finance and large-scale trade. His name is printed directly on the pad of the form as a guarantee of protection for the title. 2. Gutiérrez Hermanos: The historic wine company of Jerez. This document attests to their payment channels toward Catalonia, highlighting the complex network of banking institutions (including the Banco de España) used to settle accounts related to wine shipments. 3. Diez Vergara y C.ª: Another historic and very important dynasty of producers and bankers from Jerez de la Frontera, active since the previous century in Sherry trade. # Estimate of commercial value The late 19th-century Spanish financial documents tied to the Banco de España, rich in stamps from different branches (Barcelona and Jerez) and closely connected to the history of the great Andalusian wineries, are highly sought after by Iberian scripophilic collectors. The preservation state is excellent: the paper has a beautiful patina, the calligraphic writings in brown and purple ink are sharp, and the back stamps are exceptionally clear. * Estimated value of the document: Steadily between €50 and €95. * Points of merit: The wealth of endorsements on the back, the double validation by the Spanish central bank (Banco de España), and the exceptional preservation of the closing stamps in Jerez push the value toward the higher end of the category. IA description help Excellent historical value of Scripophily They are kept in A4 PVC envelopes. Good preservation. See the image for a correct impression Shipped by Registered Mail with tracking included and Protected Packaging."} } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }}}

Estimate:$168.08

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